Anticoagulant by vijay sir

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 ANTICOAGULANT

              Anticoagulants are defined  as those substances which prevents the blood is taken out for laboratory diagnosis. There are different chemical substances which prevents  clotting by different chemical substances which prevents clotting by different mechanisms. The important anticoagulants.

Salts of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA)  -

                                                                                              This acts by chelating calcium and preserves cellular elements better than does oxalate. It is used for blood counts ESR and PCV determinations. This however is not recommended for chemical procedure.

Oxalate tubes  -

                  These are used for blood chemistry and haematocrit. Potassium oxalate but it may cause shrinkage of cells. Double oxalate  used  for ESR and haematocrit. Potassium oxalate and ammonium oxalate salts are used together in 2:3 ratio respectively. Ammonium oxalate should not be used for Non Nitrogen or Urea estimation.

Trisodium citrate -  

                     It is used for ESR and some coagulation studies. This too acts by chelating calcium. For ESR ratio is 1:4 , while for coagulation studies ratio is 1:9 . 1 part of 3.8% trisodium citrate and 4 or 9 parts of blood respectively.

Heparin -

            It acts by inhibiting thrombin and other stages or clotting factor activation.

Special Anticoagulants  -

                                 They include ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose) used in blood baking and fluoride and oxalate for sugar estimations.
 
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