Introduction of Biochemistry

                            The branch of science concerned with the chemical and physical chemical process which occur with in living organisms. 

 -  Biochemistry word has been taken from        " Greek" . 

 - Biochemistry father " Carl Alexander Neuberg". 

History of Biochemistry :-

  - 1903 the word biochemistry was proposed by  Carl  Alexander as a field of study.

  - 1926 J.B Sharma isolated protein uricase and crystallized them to study its structure.

  - 1970 Hamilton Smith reported the discovery of the first restriction enzyme.

  - 1997 the first complete nuclotiod sequence of all the chromosomes was reported.

   Now a days , result of the research of Biochemistry are used in many area genetic to agriculture.

Basic of Biochemistry :-

                                                   The study of the chemical changes  that take place with in living organism known as biochemistry, it also include include various other field of study such as Molecular Biology or molecular genetic biochemistry also known as the study of life of the molecular level.

It has three main many area of study which are as follow -

1. The chemistry behind the structure of the component of living organism and its relation ship with the biological function.

2. The chemistry behind the metabolism of the organism including all the chemical reaction that occur inside the living organism.

 3 . The chemistry behind process and structure substance that store and transmit biological information also known as molecular genetic.

Metabolism :-

                          The sum of the physical and chemical process occur with in  living organism is known as metabolism.

  -  some other important towns related to metabolism are as  follow

1. Metabolic Pathway :-

                                          it is also known as metabolic map.

Metabolite :-

                      This term applied to a substance or a product in the metabolic reaction.

 Metabolism can be further divided into the following in category :

Catabolism :-

                        It is also known as the process of the breakdown of molecular.

Anabolism :-

                        Also called the process of biology up molecular  this is the biosynthesis reaction that involve the formation of complex molecules from simple precautions  in the presence of energy.

Ex.  Photosynthesis. 

3. Amphibolism :- 

                               It is a term that is used for those which are both catabolic and anabolic in nature.

Different types of metabolic reaction :- 

1. Oxidation, Reduction and Reaction :-                                                                        

Oxidation reaction to the loss of electron or an increase in oxidation by a molecules atom or iron reduction is the gain of electron or decrease in  the oxidation by a molecules atom or ions.

2. Rearrangement and isomer reactions :-

A rearngement reaction is a branch class of organic reaction where the carbon of a molecules is rearrange to give a structure isomer of the original molecule. It has been seen that are substitution moves from one atom to another in some moleules.

3. Group transfer reaction :-

                 This paper to the transfer of a group from one compound to another like the transfer of the the acetyl group to in order to from citrate .

4. Making breaking of carbon and reaction:-

                       It referred to a chemical reaction in which carbon bond are broken in the reactant and carbon bond formed in the produce.