Hydroxy acid,Amines,Dicarboxlic Acid, Carbolic Acid by Vijay Sir

                                Hydroxy acid

A carboxlic acid that also contain a hydroxy group.

• Hydroxy acid are extremely reactive active compoud.
• They readily undergo dehydration upon heating.

Hydroxy  ................Heat................dehydration

Dehydration mean loss of water. 

Intramolecular dehydration :

                                      Two molecular dehydration .

Heating of alpha hydroxy acid :-

              OH                                      ||   _   b

               |                       Δ                /                  \

2 /_ R - CH -COOH .................R -                      -/_R

          alpha                                     \                 /                                                            

  called lactic acid                      (Lactides)

 

                      Amines    

Amines :-

                         Alkyl derivative of ammonia.

Amines are of three types :

•    Primary amines 
•    Secondary amine
•    Tertiary amine

              class of organic compound derived by replacing one or more hydrogen of NH3 by alkyl / aryl  group.

Amines -

                   H - N - H

                          |

                          H

Primary Amine :-

                       H2N - R

Secondary Amine :-

                            R"

                             |

                 R    -   NH

Tertiary Amine :-

                             R"

               R       -    N      -  R'

Physical properties :-

1. Phase, color and odour :-

                                               Lower aliphatic amines-  gas fishly smell .More than three combine amines gas liquide. More than 8 to 18 Amin solid amine colourless liquid but after sometime change environment condition change the colour.

2. Solubility in H2O :-

                                     1. Lower amines soluble due to the H- Bond.

                                     2. Higher amines not for soluble due to the hydrophobic (CH) n  chain. 

 Carboxylic acid

                                     Carboxylic acid any a  class of organic compound in which a carbon ( c ) atom is bonded to an oxygen  ( o ) atom by a double bond and to a Hydroxyl  group ( -OH ) by a single bond. A fourth bond links the carbon atom to a hydrogen ( H ) atom or to some other univalent combining group. The Carboxylic  ( COOH )  group is  named  because of carboxyl group ( C = O ) and hydroxyl group.

Chemical compound

                                                               The conjuction of a carboxyl and a hydroxyl group forms of functional group known as carboxyl group

                             -  C  -  O  -  H

                                ||

                                 O

                                       The chief chemical characteristics of the carboxylic acid is their acidity.  They are generally more acidic than other organic compound containing hydroxyl group. But are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids hydrochloric acid( HCL)  and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) etc. 

  Dicarboxlic acid

                 A Di-carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two Carboxylic function groups. The general molecular formula for Di-carboxylic Acid can be written as HO2C - R - CO2H where R  can be aliphatic aromatic. In general Di-carboxylic acid show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to mono-carboxylic acid Di-carboxylic acid are used in the preparation of polymers such as poly-amides and polyester. The most widely used Di-carboxylic acid in the industry is is adipic acid which is a precursor used in the production of Nylon other examples of Di-carboxylic acid include aspartic acid and  glutamic acid to amino acid in the human body.

                         

                   

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